This study was carried out to investigate the relation between salivary levels of calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase activity and dental caries experience in three groups of patients. A total of 75 Egyptian children were included in this study (Group I :25 children with severe dental caries , Group II: 25 children with moderate dental caries and Group III: 25 caries free children), their ages ranged from 6 to 13 years old. Children were selected from those reported to the out-patient dental clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Departments of the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Children were examined clinically by the same examiner for dental caries experience which was recorded by the DMF for the permanent dentition and def for deciduous dentition, using sterile mirror and probe for each child. Unstimulated saliva (3ml) was collected from each child in sterile falcon tube one week after oral prophylaxis and transferred to biochemistry Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University to estimate the levels of salivary calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity in the three study groups. Calcium and phosphorous concentration in saliva was estimated by colorimetric method while alkaline phosphatase activity was estimated by kinetic method using spectrophotometer Data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed to evaluate the correlation between salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity and dental caries experience in the three study groups. The results of the present study revealed that the mean salivary calcium level in children with severe caries is more than moderate and caries free groups respectively, but this difference was not significant and that there is a negative correlation between the levels of salivary calcium and dental caries experience. Also, this study showed that the level of salivary phosphorous in moderate caries group was higher than severe caries group, but with insignificant difference and significantly higher than the caries free group and that there is a negative correlation between the levels of salivary phosphorous and dental caries experience. On the other hand it has been demonstrated that the salivary alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly greater in caries free group than in moderate caries group and severe caries group and that a positive correlation was found between the activity of alkaline phosphatase and dental caries experience. Recommendations: 1. Salivary components could act as predictors for dental caries experience. 2. Other salivary factors as pH, salivary flow rate should be included within studies investigating salivary calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase for more accurate interpretations. 3. Food rich in calcium and phosphorous could be advised for patients with high caries index to suppress caries activity