Purpose: To evaluate the effect of surface treatment namely: Acid etching and sandblasting on the shear bond strength of cemented fiber post. Methods: Twenty extracted sound upper central incisors were selected, before endodontic treatment was performed, the teeth were decoronated. Each root was fixed into an acrylic resin blocks then randomly divided into two equal groups(n=10); Group I: Glass fiber post (GFP), Group II: Carbon fiber post (CFP) then subdivided according to surface treatment into subgroups (n= 5) A: etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) and B: sandblasted with Al2O3 (SB) ,after the posts were treated and cemented then tested using push out bond strength test, six additional posts were used for surface roughness analysis and scanning electron microscope. Results: Regarding to the push out bond strength evaluation showed that GFP scored higher bond strength than CFP and HF recorded higher mean values than SB. For the root region factor, the apical region recorded the highest push out mean values than the middle and coronal regions. Surface roughness analysis revealed that HF acid recorded higher surface roughness values of CFP than GFP, whereas SB scored for CFP higher than GFP. These results were supported by the scanning electron photomicrographs. Conclusions: Retention of fiber post is influenced by both the type of the fiber post and surface treatment and treating fiber post with hydrofluoric acid enhancing the bonding of the carbon or glass fiber post to cement.