Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary tumor of the liver that accounts for 80-90% of primary liver cancers, which usually develops in the setting of chronic liver disease, particularly viral hepatitis. It is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. HCC incidence has doubled in Egypt in the past 10 years, which could be attributed to the high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), although HBV rates have declined In the past decade. HCC has gone from being an almost universal death sentence to a cancer that can be prevented, detected at an early stage, and effectively treated. Physicians caring for patients at risk need to provide high-quality screening, proper management of screen-detected lesions, and provision of therapy that is most appropriate for the stage of diseased after the introduction of the vaccine in 1992.