Thalassemia syndromes represent the major cause of iron overload in Mediterranean countries. The discovery of hepcidin and the role that it plays as a negative regulator of intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release has significantly progressed our understanding of iron metabolism. The aim of this work is to determine hepcidin value as an indicator of the the iron status in patients with hemosiderosis to thalassemia and to achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis of iron overload in both thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia. Our study included 90 cases : thirty patients with thalassemia major (TM group), thirty patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI group) and thirty age and sex matched control cases (C group). Our results showed that : Hepcidin levels were markedly elevated in thalassemia major and reduced in thalassemia intermedia compared to thalassemia major and control group. There is a negative correlation between the age of the patients and Hepcidin level (P=0.016), but there is a significant positive correlation between both serum iron and serum ferritin versus Hepcidin level (p=0.001 in both). On the other side, no clear association was found between hepcidin level and sex of the patients, hemoglobin level, splenectomy, liver enzymes, hepatitis C, or type of iron chelation.