Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease remain major health problems in most countries of the developing world including Egypt. In these countries, RHD is estimated to be responsible for 30-60% of all cardiac patients admitted to hospital (Nordet p., 1994). The aim of this study to find out the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among school children living in Qalioubia Governorate, in Egypt and Risk factors associated with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.