Addiction is a very serious and a coasty public health problem and the use of addictive substances and drugs during pregnancy has become a major public health concern. A number of studies found poor pregnancy outcomes among women who used alcohol or illegal drugs during pregnancy including low birth weight, small head size and an increased risk of miscarriage and death. In utero-drug exposure can have a severe impact not only on the development of the fetus, but also on the child during later stages of life. Obstetrical complications including placental insufficiency, miscarriage, intrauterine death, and increased incidence of infectious and sexually-transmitted diseases are higher in the drug-abusing mother. Correct diagnosis of drug abuse during pregnancy is essential if the child is to receive specialized treatment and care, which will aid in learning and behavioral development. Diagnosis will also help in the prevention of subsequent drug-exposed children being born to the same mother. Treatment and Early intervention is vital to improve the health of both the mother and child and it should be a high priority for our governments. Increased awareness and improvement in our understanding of drug abuse in the medical, legal and social aspects will enable us to reduce the barriers to treatment for this important population.