Deterioration of posttensioned bridge decks is most likely happened due to prestressed cable corrosion, especially in the negative moment regions where the cables are close to the deck. Since rehabilitation and replacement of bridges are proved to be a costly process, it is a matter of substantial concern to ascertain the proper nondestructive (ND) inspection methodology or procedure to assess the conditions of grouted ducts and cables inside concrete without invasive work. Accordingly, the main objective of the current research was to conduct nondestructive testing on simulated bridge deck segments with grout-encased prestressing cables in order to assess the applicability of ultrasonic shear-wave technique to detect voids in the ducts, cable fracture or corrosion in posttensioned cables. Test results were compared and analyzed from the viewpoints of the accuracy for detecting the defect and the simplicity for interpretations. It can be concluded that ultrasonic shear-wave technique can detect the internal defects properly. However, it could not detect corrosion where signs of defect may be a void or a byproduct from the corrosion which entail additional destructive test.