The world faces an increasing threat of environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion. Therefore, many legislative and technical efforts have been done to promote the use of renewable energy sources for the transportation sector. The most crucial part of the elec- tric vehicle is the energy storage system, and among the various storage technologies, batteries are the most prominent in electric vehicles. Thus, the energy storage system is the core of electric propulsion system implementation in vehicles. Battery packs using lithium-ion cells are widely used for electrified drive-lines, owing to their specific energy and power. Also, they are lighter and last longer than other types of cells. This paper provides
a comprehensive review of electric vehicle battery development, focusing primarily on lithium-based batteries. This review covers the material structure, advantages, disadvantages, and thermal characteristics of different types of Li-ion batteries. Also, battery degradation is a major challenge for electric vehicle applications. Degradation shortens the battery's lifetime, reduces its maximum capacity, and affects driving range and performance. In this regard, the paper furthermore reviews
the degradation of Li-ion batteries by discussing the degradation mechanisms on the cathode, anode, and electrolyte. As well as, the key factors that affect degradation. The presented  review provides a comprehensive picture of current Li-ion battery technology, a description of battery degradation, and solutions to decelerate its degradation. It also explores areas that academic researchers and industrial partners can further explore to achieve electric vehicle performance goals and provides important guidance.