426380

Comparison of the analgesic effects of mepivacaine, xylazine, and the mepivacaine-xylazine combination for caudal epidural analgesia in donkeys

Article

Last updated: 11 May 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Veterinary surgery and Gynaecology (Animal surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, and Gynaecology and Obstetrics).

Abstract

The current study aims to evaluate the analgesic and anaesthetic properties of epidurally administered mepivacaine HCl 3%, xylazine HCl 2%, and a combination of both in donkeys. Nine healthy donkeys were treated with three different regimens: mepivacaine HCl 3% alone, xylazine HCl 2% alone, and a combination of mepivacaine HCl and xylazine HCl. The injections were easily administered into the sacrococcygeal space. A morphometric analysis of this region can enhance the epidural anaesthesia technique by offering precise data on needle insertion depth, angle, and key anatomical landmarks. Analgesia was evaluated using superficial and deep muscle pin-prick tests to determine its onset, duration, and affected area. The degree of analgesia was assessed before drug administration (T0) and thereafter at T5, T10, T15, T30, T60 and T120. Additionally, respiratory rate, heart rate, and rectal temperature (°C) were recorded at 0, 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-min post-injection. The findings of this study demonstrated that the optimal epidural doses for mepivacaine HCl 3% (M), xylazine HCl 2% (X), and their combination (M/X) in donkeys were 10 ml, 6 ml, and 5+3 ml, respectively. The mepivacaine HCl and xylazine HCl combination induced rapid anaesthesia within 1.5–2.25 min, without excitement, providing a prolonged duration of anaesthesia (125±6 min). Post-injection, heart rate remained stable with a slight, non-significant increase, while body temperature insignificantly increased following injection, reaching 37.5 C°. The respiratory rate remained within normal limits across all study groups.

DOI

10.21608/svu.2025.355327.1365

Keywords

donkey, Epidural analgesia, sacrococcygeal space

Authors

First Name

Fatma

Last Name

Madkour

MiddleName

Abbass

Affiliation

Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, SVU

Email

madkour.f@vet.svu.edu.eg

City

Qena

Orcid

0000-0002-5641-9260

First Name

ِAhmed

Last Name

Soliman

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

ahmedsoliman1974@gmail.com

City

Cairo

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Zohrey

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, SVU

Email

ahmedzohrey@yahoo.com

City

Qena

Orcid

-

First Name

Abdel-Nasser

Last Name

Abdel-Hady

MiddleName

A.A.

Affiliation

Department of surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur , Egypt.

Email

nasser_azab@vet.svu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-4254-9144

First Name

Elhussein

Last Name

Mahmoud

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt

Email

e.badry@vet.svu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Fatma

Last Name

Abdelhakeem

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, SVU

Email

fatmahakeem@vet.svu.edu.eg

City

Qena

Orcid

-

Volume

8

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

54774

Issue Date

2025-06-01

Receive Date

2025-01-24

Publish Date

2025-06-01

Page Start

1

Page End

9

Print ISSN

2535-1826

Online ISSN

2535-1877

Link

https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_426380.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=426380

Order

426,380

Type

Research article

Type Code

712

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Publication Link

https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Comparison of the analgesic effects of mepivacaine, xylazine, and the mepivacaine-xylazine combination for caudal epidural analgesia in donkeys

Details

Type

Article

Created At

11 May 2025