Microplastic pollution is a major environmental and health concern of the 21^st century. These tiny plastic particles, resulting from the breakdown of larger plastics or produced for industrial use, threaten both ecosystems and human health. This study examines consumer awareness in Kuwait regarding the environmental and health risks of microplastics and how this awareness influences behavior. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the research involved 400 Kuwaiti participants who completed a survey on health impacts, environmental effects, and sustainable consumption. The findings reveal a generally good level of awareness, though knowledge gaps exist in some areas—particularly misconceptions about which groups are most affected. Results showed that 80% of respondents understanding the link between microplastics and health problems such as respiratory and digestive disorders. Meanwhile, 90% recognize their harmful impact on ecosystems and marine life. Additionally, 87.5% reported reducing single-use plastic usage, and 77.5% engage in recycling—indicating environmentally responsible behaviors. However, only 65% follow awareness campaigns, highlighting the need for stronger public education efforts. The study stresses the crucial role of consumer awareness in mitigating microplastic pollution. It calls for targeted educational campaigns, supportive policies, and effective media outreach to promote sustainable practices. The findings also underlined the importance of collective action among individuals, policymakers, and institutions to address the growing global threat of microplastics.