Abstract Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant threats to world health. Countries like Egypt may make a significant contribution to maintaining efficacy of antibiotics for future generations by tackling self medication. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model on the mothers regarding antibiotics self-medication. Setting: Two Maternal and Child Health Centers: Benha Health Center 1 and Benha Health Center 4, located in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. Sampling: First: Random sample technique was used to choose MCH in which the study had been conducted. Second: A convenience sampling technique was used for the selection of mothers who participated in the study. The total sample size comprised 267 mothers. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used. I: an interviewing questionnaire consisting of four parts representing demographic characteristics of studied mothers, mothers' healthcare facilities, mothers' knowledge and mothers' reported practices regarding antibiotics self-medication. II: Health Belief Model Scale to assess mothers' beliefs regarding antibiotics self-medication. Results: 72.7% of the studied mothers had good knowledge regarding antibiotics use, 71.2% of them had high satisfactory total reported practices and 61.8% of them had high total health beliefs regarding antibiotic self-medication post-educational intervention implementation. There was a highly statistically significant improvement in all items of knowledge and reported practices level of the studied mothers regarding antibiotics self-medication also, there was highly statistically significant improvement in all items of the health belief model regarding antibiotics self-medication pre and post-educational intervention implementation. Conclusion: Educational intervention based on health belief model was effective in increasing knowledge, beliefs and improving reported practices of mothers regarding antibiotics self- mediation. Recommendations: Establishment of more educational intervention that aimed at enhancing public awareness regarding risks associated with self-medication with antibiotics recommended.ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ