Background: Comparison of single file system using wave one gold file versus multiple file system using M Pro gold file system in removal of obturation material obturated by either single cone technique using bioceramic sealer or multiple cone technique using resin-based sealer and their effect on amount of extruded debris and percentage of remaining obturation material. Aim: To evaluate single versus multiple file systems in retrieval of two obturation methods using either single or multiple cone technique. Materials and Methods: Forty-four mandibular first premolars will be evaluated for amount of remaining root canal filling material and amount of extruded debris after retreatment and will be divided into two groups each group of 22 premolars using either single file rotary system or multiple file rotary system. Each group will be subdivided into two subgroups each group of 11 premolars either using single cone obturation technique or lateral condensation technique. The teeth then will be assessed by using stereomicroscope to detect remaining amount of gutta percha. Eppendorf tubes should be weighed to assess amount of apically extruded debris during retreatment. Results: The highest percentage of remaining obturation material was found in teeth retreated by single file system using wave one file which were obturated by single cone technique using bioceramic sealer.The highest weight of amount of extruded debris was found in Multiple file system used in retreatment of teeth obturated by lateral condensation technique using resin based sealer. Conclusion: None of the tested methods were capable of totally removing remaining obturation material.