Background:

Elder abuse represents a significant yet underexplored public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries. With an increasingly aging population and evolving family dynamics, older adults face heightened risks of mistreatment. This study investigates the prevalence, typologies, and socio-demographic determinants of elder abuse in Ilorin, Nigeria, with a focus on gender disparities and policy implications.

Methods:

A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed between August and November 2023. Quantitative data were collected from 301 elderly participants through structured interviews, while qualitative insights were derived from 20 in-depth and key informant interviews. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of abuse. Thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative data.

Results:

Elder abuse was reported by 38.9% of respondents, with psychological (64.9%) and financial abuse (46.2%) being the most prevalent. Key predictors included older age (71–75 years), female gender, low educational attainment, unemployment, and disrupted marital status. Qualitative findings revealed caregiver burden, economic strain, and sociocultural factors as underlying contributors.

Conclusions:

Elder abuse in Ilorin is driven by complex socio-economic and interpersonal dynamics. Effective mitigation requires multifaceted interventions, including legal reform, enhanced social welfare support, and targeted community education. Future research should explore culturally grounded prevention strategies.