The terracotta figurines are considered some of the most important archaeological evidence, whether in terms of morphological features, the type of material used in their production, or the extent of their spread in a variety of geographical areas. The figurines we are discussing, recognized as the "ophidians", are rare but outstanding models due to their facial and head features. They are considered one of the characteristics of the great and famous Ubaid civilization, which covered larger areas of ancient Mesopotamia. And as such we must discuss the places which speared-in this unique style, as well as the resemblances and differences between each of them, in addition to the significance of its emergence. Introduction:

The term "ophidians" is used for a type of terracotta figurines of the Ubaid civilization. The “ophidian" literally means “like a snake, or in the shape of a snake." it is the long head, tipped nose, coffee-bean eyes, and clay pellets or painted spots on the torso, at times identified as snakes' scales, that obtained the identification as ophidian to these figurines . their snaky naturism as Neumann described them, is assured by an elongated body with angular shoulders and tiny feet mostly ending with a tip, which averts the figurines from standing. the reclining position these figurines thus necessarily adopted confirms their snake-like or reptilian nature.