Construction is the world's largest energy-consuming sector, producing energy inefficiency, therefore they may serve as a prospective target with the greatest potential to achieve the shared aim of sustainable development. Nonetheless, excessive construction energy use negatively influences the environment, including air pollution, the greenhouse effect, the urban heat island effect, and others, all of which can be detrimental to human health and social economy growth. Fossil-based energy is the primary source of environmental pollution. However, fossil fuels account for 84.7% of global energy use. Renewable and nuclear energy sources account for 5% and 4% of total primary energy consumption, respectively.
The construction industry must make a significant transition to a sustainable energy future. According to Anyanwu, O. C., & Kur, K. K. (2024). , "sustainable energy paths" should be based on principles such as effective resource conservation and environmental protection, social acceptability, low risks and contributions to reducing international conflicts, and equitable collaborations with developing countries. The sector's adoption of such a system would almost definitely necessitate a reduction in its reliance on oil and other fossil fuels, a reduction in CO2 emissions, interventions to reduce social costs, proper attention to material choice, and a shift toward green or renewable energy