This study was conducted over three growing seasons (2020/21, 2021/22, and 2022/23) at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Stat., Agri. Res. Cent., Egypt. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of direct selection for grain yield plant^-1 and indirect selection for each of spike number plant^-1 and 100-kernel weight to improve grain yield and produce new high yielding durum wheat lines. Two pedigree selection cycles were applied from the F₂ to F₄ generations, focusing on grain yield plant^-1, spike number plant^-1‎, and 100-kernel weight, under optimal growing conditions. The findings revealed that the phenotypic variance marginally exceeded the genotypic variance, and both generally declined from (F₂) to (F₄) generation. Following two pedigree selection cycles, broad sense and realized heritability estimates for grain yield plant^-1 attained 78.73 and 48.63%, respectively. Similarly, the heritability estimates were 97.29% and 46.14% for the spike number plant^-1 ‎ and 91.51% and 61.90% for the weight of 100 kernels. The observed gain following two direct pedigree selection cycles were 11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant^-1, 5.23 and 2.11% with indirect selection for spike number plant^-1 and 7.57 and 10.39% with indirect selection for 100-kernel weight in comparison with the bulk sample and the superior parent, respectively.