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423533

CHARACTERIZING THE ANISOTROPIC TENSILE BEHAVIOR AND DUCTILITY OF FFF-PRINTED ABS BASED ON PRINT DIRECTION AND RASTER ORIENTATION

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Last updated: 27 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) produces components with significant mechanical anisotropy, critically impacting their reliability in load-bearing applications. This study comprehensively characterizes how both printing direction (Flat, On-Edge, Up-Right) and raster orientation angle (systematically varied from 0° to 90°) govern the uniaxial tensile strength and ductility (strain at failure) of FFF-ABS. ASTM D638 Type IV specimens were fabricated with consistent parameters (50% infill), varying only these orientations, followed by tensile testing and optical fractography.   Profound anisotropy was confirmed. Printing direction established distinct performance tiers: Flat yielded the highest potential strength, On-Edge was intermediate, while Up-Right consistently demonstrated the lowest strength and minimal ductility due to brittle inter-layer delamination. The raster orientation angle acted as a critical modulator, particularly for Flat and On-Edge. In the Flat direction, 0° raster alignment maximized strength, whereas 90° minimized it; notably, intermediate angles (e.g., ±45°) suggested enhanced ductility, highlighting a tunable strength-ductility trade-off. On-Edge properties also showed significant raster angle sensitivity. Conversely, Up-Right behavior remained largely insensitive to raster angle, dominated by interface weakness. Fractographic analysis correlated failure mechanisms with mechanical outcomes: delamination in Up-Right samples, mixed inter/intra-raster failure in On-Edge, and distinct raster-angle-dependent modes (inter-raster vs. intra-raster) in Flat samples. This research underscores that optimizing FFF-ABS requires careful selection of both printing direction and raster angle to achieve the targeted balance between tensile strength and ductility for specific engineering requirements.

DOI

10.21608/jest.2025.374956.1116

Keywords

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Additive Manufacturing (AM), tensile strength, Ductility, Anisotropy, Build Orientation, Raster Angle, Fractography

Authors

First Name

I. S.

Last Name

ELDeeb

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, EGYPT.

Email

ibrahim.eldeeb@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg

City

Zifta

Orcid

0000-0002-4510-3252

First Name

Ehssan

Last Name

Esmael

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, EGYPT.

Email

ehssan152151@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg

City

Tanta

Orcid

0000-0009-4092-6979

First Name

Abdelhameed A.

Last Name

Zayed

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31521, EGYPT.

Email

azayed@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-7857-8393

Volume

22

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

55231

Issue Date

2025-04-01

Receive Date

2025-04-12

Publish Date

2025-04-01

Page Start

113

Page End

143

Print ISSN

2090-5882

Online ISSN

2090-5955

Article File

JEST_Volume 22_Issue 2_Pages 113-143.pdf

PDF . 1.6MB

Link

https://jest.journals.ekb.eg/article_423533.html

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http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=423533

Order

423,533

Type

Original Article

Type Code

1,211

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology

Publication Link

https://jest.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

CHARACTERIZING THE ANISOTROPIC TENSILE BEHAVIOR AND DUCTILITY OF FFF-PRINTED ABS BASED ON PRINT DIRECTION AND RASTER ORIENTATION

Details

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Article

Created At

27 Apr 2025