Background: One out of every three people with DM will develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), a particular microvascular complication of the disease. DR, often known as diabetic eye disease, is a vascular microvascular illness that is brought on by microangiopathy and results in blindness and gradual retinal degeneration. DR occurs when blood sugar or glycemic levels are out of control. Objective: This articleaimed to study  DR and other diabetic complications since DR is a major contributor to blindness. Methods: A thorough search for studies on diabetic retinopathy using the following keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus and diabetic macula oedema. It was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Only the most recent or thorough investigations, which ran from May 2011 to November 2022 were taken into account. Additionally, the author evaluated citations from relevant publications. Because there are insufficient resources for translation, documents written in languages other than English have been ignored. Papers that were not regarded as significant scientific research included dissertations, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and unpublished manuscripts. Conclusion: The longer an individual has diabetes, the greater their chance of getting ocular complications. DR is the most frequent microvascular/blinding consequence of diabetes, and it is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, a longer life expectancy, and changes in dietary habits that resulted in obesity. PDR and macular edema are the most serious DR consequences that impair vision. As a result, diabetic people require regular retinal examinations.