Wind power has emerged as a vital component of the global transition to renewable energy, leveraging the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity with minimal environmental impact. Technological advances in wind power have significantly improved efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. Efficiency of wind power refers to how effectively wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical energy. There are various types of wind turbines, including horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines and their respective efficiencies, applications, and technological advancements. Horizontal axis dominates utility-scale energy production, while vertical axis presents unique advantages for urban and small-scale applications. Its advantages make wind power a key player in the transition to a more sustainable and resilient energy system. The state of the art in wind power plants is marked by ongoing technological improvements in turbine design, floating wind farms, energy storage, and grid integration. Innovations in digitalization, materials, and wake management are further optimizing the performance and sustainability of wind energy. Moreover, the latest advancements in wind power technology are transforming the industry by significantly enhancing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Larger, next-generation turbines, such as GE's 15 MW Haliade-X, are pushing the boundaries of energy capture, while floating offshore wind farms are opening up deeper water locations with stronger, more consistent wind resources. The integration of advanced energy storage solutions improves grid stability, enabling more effective management of wind's intermittent nature.