This study was conducted to assess the population density of certain aphid species and their key insect predators on wheat crops in Najaf, Iraq. The study employed two sampling methods: direct counting and sweep net collection. The findings indicate that Schizaphis graminum (29.37%) and Rhopalosiphum padi (28.52%) were the most abundant aphid species, followed by Sitobion avenae (23.6%) and Diuraphis noxia (18.5%). Regarding aphid predators, Coccinella undecimpunctata constituted 48.82% of the total percentage of predator species, while Chrysoperla carnea accounted for 44.09%, and syrphid larvae represented 7.09%. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between aphid populations and temperature, whereas relative humidity exhibited a significant positive correlation with R. padi and D. noxia only. Wind speed showed variable effects on different aphid species. Furthermore, a significant positive correlations were observed between aphid predators and their aphid prey densities, with C. undecimpunctata showed a significant positive correlation with S. graminum (0.89 ****) and C. carnea with R. padi .These findings highlight the intricate interactions between aphids, their natural predators, and environmental factors. Understanding these relationships can aid in developing integrated pest management strategies to enhance wheat protection in the region.