Critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are a significant issue in reconstructive surgery, demanding the development of improved biomaterials to promote bone regeneration. Composite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives because of their ability to approximate native bone's hierarchical structure while also providing specific mechanical and biological qualities. IN this narrative review, a complete discussion of material selection for composite construction including bio ceramics, polymers, and bioactive agents were summarized. this review determines the most recent fabrication techniques used in composite synthesis, such as solvent casting, electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3D printing, focusing on their effects on structural integrity and bioactivity.  Details of the most used composites were also summarized. Additionally, different bone healing assessment approaches were explored to determine the efficacy of these composites in promoting bone regeneration. Over all the composites containing biomaterials like natural bone, such as hydroxyapatite and collagen, are the most widely used composites, due to their excellent osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties.Fabrication methods are tailored to the desired composite properties, electrospinning is the choice for the precise fabrication of nanofibrous composites with high surface area. While Sol-gel processing was used if high-purity, bioactive ceramic-polymer composites are required. Additionally freeze-drying method was used if a highly porous composite structure was required for rapid vascularization. Micro-CT is the most reliable technique for non-destructively analyzing the structure, degradation, and osseointegration of composites using high-resolution imaging. In conclusion Composites are expected to provide an effective long-term solution for CSBD and offer insight that may inform future human bone regeneration strategies and veterinary regenerative therapies.