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420853

Diagnostic Potential of Interleukin-40 and Interleukin-41 in Diabetic Kidney Disease

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Last updated: 09 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a significant microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus and a predominant cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Recent studies have emphasized the significance of inflammatory mediators in the etiology and prognosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the impact of certain cytokines, such as Interleukin-40 (IL-40) and Interleukin-41 (IL-41),has not been adequately elucidated with limited published data. Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic potential of IL-40 and IL-41 in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methodology: This case-control study enrolled 84 participants (42 DKD patients and 42 healthy controls). The serum levels of IL-40 and IL-41 were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, and the diagnostic value of IL-40 and IL-41 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The investigation demonstrated a markable decrease in IL-40 and IL-41 concentrations in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) compared to healthy controls (IL-40: 15.791 ± 8.012 pg/mL vs. 29.859 ± 8.742 pg/mL, p = 0.0002; IL-41: 0.525 ± 0.649 pg/mL vs. 3.013 ± 0.983 pg/mL, p = 0.0004). Moreover, the ROC curve analysis indicated that IL-41 exhibited greater diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 98.394%) than IL-40 (AUC = 89.646%), with elevated sensitivity (95.238%) and specificity (95.349%). Conclusion: The marked decrease in IL-40 and IL-41 levels in patients with DKD indicates their possible function as immunological indicators of disease progression. Assessing IL-40 and IL-41 concentrations, in conjunction with additional inflammatory markers, may enhance early identification and management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

DOI

10.21608/ejmm.2025.371959.1540

Keywords

Interleukin-40, Interleukin-41, DKD, Diagnostic utility

Authors

First Name

Hussain

Last Name

Abdulraheem

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq

Email

husein.a@s.uokerbala.edu.iq

City

iraq

Orcid

-

First Name

Sawsan

Last Name

AL-Hasnawi

MiddleName

M. Jabbar

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq

Email

sawsan.m@uokerbala.edu.iq

City

Kerbala

Orcid

-

First Name

May

Last Name

Ali

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq

Email

may.aljilawi@uokerbala.edu.iq

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

34

Article Issue

4

Related Issue

54773

Issue Date

2025-10-01

Receive Date

2025-03-28

Publish Date

2025-10-01

Print ISSN

1110-2179

Online ISSN

2537-0979

Link

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/article_420853.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=420853

Order

420,853

Type

New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Type Code

2,038

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Publication Link

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Diagnostic Potential of Interleukin-40 and Interleukin-41 in Diabetic Kidney Disease

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Type

Article

Created At

09 Apr 2025