Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Among the genetic factors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been studied for their potential role in T2DM susceptibility. Vitamin D, through its receptor (VDR), plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and inflammation regulation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetes mellitus. In addition, genetic variations in the VDR gene could influence an individual's risk of developing T2DM through calcium metabolism alteration and modulation of insulin secretion. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms BsmI, ApaI and TaqI of the VDR gene were located in key untranslated regions that influence gene expression. Moreover, FokI is a T > C substitution occurring in exon 2. These four VDR gene polymorphisms have been shown to impact insulin production and secretion, suggesting their potential involvement in the development of T2DM.
Keywords: T2DM; VDR gene polymorphisms; BsmI; ApaI; TaqI; FokI