418868

Exploring High–Order Distortions Associated with Directly Modulated Laser Diodes in Analog Optical Fiber Systems: The Role of Modulation Depth and Fiber Length

Article

Last updated: 29 Mar 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

laser physics sciences

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of modulation depth and fiber length on high-order distortions in analog optical fiber systems employing directly modulated laser diodes with two-tone. High-order distortions, including 2nd– and 3rd–order harmonic distortions (HDs) and 3rd–order intermodulation distortions (IMD3), are modeled and analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The numerical simulation relies on the rate equations of laser diodes driven by an injection current containing two sinusoidal waves, spaced by a low radio frequency of 10 MHz. The results reveal the interplay between modulation depth and fiber length in minimizing distortions and identifying optimal operating ranges. The 2HD demonstrates the highest distortion level for modulation depth up to 0.4. Beyond this threshold, IMD3 becomes the predominant source of signal distortion. In contrast, 3HD exhibits the lowest distortion levels across the entire range of modulation depth. Fiber lengths shorter than 5 km minimize IMD3, while lengths around 5 km and 3 km minimize 2HD and 3HD, respectively These findings contribute to enhancing the performance of analog fiber communication systems, particularly in applications requiring high signal fidelity

DOI

10.21608/lira.2025.353234.1000

Keywords

laser Diode, distortions, IMD3, 2HD, 3HD

Authors

First Name

Moustafa

Last Name

Ahmed

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 80203 Saudi Arabia

Email

mostafa.farghal@mu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-1325-2632

First Name

Ghodran

Last Name

Alghamdi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 80203 Saudi Arabia

Email

moustafafarghal@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Alaa

Last Name

Mahmoud

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Laser Institute for Research and Applications, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt

Email

alaa.abutaleb@lira.bsu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0003-0930-7351

Volume

2

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

54655

Issue Date

2025-03-01

Receive Date

2025-02-08

Publish Date

2025-03-24

Print ISSN

3009-6359

Online ISSN

3009-6472

Link

https://lira.journals.ekb.eg/article_418868.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=418868

Order

418,868

Type

Original Article

Type Code

3,087

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Laser Innovations for Research and Applications

Publication Link

https://lira.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Exploring High–Order Distortions Associated with Directly Modulated Laser Diodes in Analog Optical Fiber Systems: The Role of Modulation Depth and Fiber Length

Details

Type

Article

Created At

29 Mar 2025