Background: Nurses have a vital role in safeguarding patients, minimizing the likelihood of errors, and improving patient outcomes. Aim: Investigating patient safety culture, work environment and their effect on nurses' attitudes toward incident reporting. Methods: A descriptive, correlational study was undertaken using a convenient sample of staff nurses at Urology and Nephrology Centre affiliated with Mansoura University. The sample size was 196. Data was obtained with the Patient Safety Culture Assessment Instrument, the Work Environment Scale, and the Attitudes towards Event Reporting Scale. Results: The study confirmed that a majority of staff nurses possess a high level of perception regarding patient safety culture. Additionally, more than half of them highly perceive their work environment, and more than two-thirds of staff nurses have a high level of positive attitude towards incident reporting. Consequently, highly statistically significant positive correlations were observed between patient safety culture and work environment with attitude towards incident reporting. Conclusion: The study found that staff nurses at Urology and Nephrology Centre had a strong patient safety culture, regarded their work environment positively, and had a highly positive attitude to report incidents. Recommendations: The study recommended integrating a patient safety culture into the hospital policy by allowing all hospital staff to participate in decision-making, creating a blame-free environment, implementing training programs on the significance of incident reporting for improving healthcare quality and patient safety, and teaching managers how to effectively utilize their problem-solving styles.