Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, characterized by malignant proliferation and accumulation of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow. Abnormal immunophenotypic expression and iron balance are always present in acute leukemia. Serum ferritin levels are used to track the body's iron status since ferritin is a crucial component of blood cells. All B lineage cells exhibit the transmembrane glycoprotein known as the CD19 antigen, a B cell lineage hallmark. CD34 is a membrane protein first discovered in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and, therefore, is a marker of immaturity. The expressions of CD19 and CD34 antigens are associated with a good prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this investigation, we evaluated the variation in serum ferritin, CD19, and CD34 levels between children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and healthy children, as well as the degree of association between serum ferritin and CD19/CD34 expression.
It showed that the blood ferritin level was considerably higher (P<0.05) in kids with acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in children in good health. CD19 expression was decreased non-significantly in the ALL children, but CD34 expression didn't differ in the pediatric ALL than their expression in normal children. The association between Serum Ferritin and CD19/CD34 Expressions appeared to be a moderate inverse correlation between CD19 level and serum ferritin, while CD34 level has a very weak inverse correlation with serum ferritin in the pediatric ALL patients.