Purpose: To study epidemiology of different subtypes of childhood esotropia among children in dakahlia governorate, Egypt.
Design: Prospective observational clinical cross-sectional study.
Methods: Socio-demographic data were obtained from participants. History including family history, consanguinity, delivery history and systemic diseases were obtained as well. Examination included best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, fixation preference, significant A or V pattern, motility assessment, angle of deviation, fusion, stereopsis and associated strabismus.
Results: Six hundred twenty-six (626) esotropic children were included. 287 children (45.8%) were diagnosed as accommodative esotropia (ET). Infantile esotropia was defined in 122 children (19.5%), non-accommodative ET in 49 children (7.8%), restrictive ET in 31 children (5%), sensory ET in 14 children (2.2%), convergence excess ET in 5 children (0.8%), residual ET in 77 children (12.3%) and consecutive ET in 35 children (5.6%) of cases. Family history of strabismus was present in 22.5% of patients. 250 esotropic children from our cohort (39.9%) had amblyopia. Defective binocular vision and stereopsis in 72.5% of cooperative patients.
Conclusion: Accommodative esotropia was the most frequent form of esotropia in our study cohort. Infantile esotropia came in the 2nd place then non accommodative ET. Restrictive esotropia and sensory esotropia were less common. A great risk of amblyopia and defective binocular vision in our examined patients. Good screening program, early referal and proper intervention is mandatory to prevent irreversible visual and binocular vision problems in pediatric age group.