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Assessment of Tear Film in Arabian Horses with a Portable Device Compared to Human’s Healthy Eyes

Article

Last updated: 29 Mar 2025

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Subjects

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Tags

Veterinary Pathology & Animal Diseases

Abstract

The stability of the tear film is essential to maintain healthy vision in animals and humans. Therefore, tear film should be assessed occasionally to detect any abnormalities, particularly those living in an environment with high temperature and humidity. The current study assessed the non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and lipid layer pattern (LLP) in Arabian horses and compared them to those of humans. The study involved a total of 94 Arabian horses and 94 humans with healthy eyes. Each subject's right eye tear film parameters were evaluated using the EASYTEAR View+, with a 5-minute interval between each test. The same examiner performed each test three times. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the NITBUT (P = 0.001) and LLP (P = 0.010) scores between horses and humans. The LLP analysis indicated that grade E or 5 (variable colors, lipid layer thickness, LLT, = 90–140 nm) was predominant in horses (N = 52, 55.3%). On the other hand, grade D or 4 (dense white-blue layer; around 80 nm) was common in humans with healthy eyes (N = 48, 51.1%). No significant difference (P = 0.191) in the TMH scores between horses and humans was found. In conclusion, horses have a longer tear breakup time and thicker lipid layer height than humans with healthy eyes. Their tear meniscus height is similar to that of healthy humans.

DOI

10.21608/ejvs.2025.346189.2578

Keywords

Arabian horses, Ocular tear film, Non-invasive tear breakup time, Lipid layer patterns, Tear meniscus height

Authors

First Name

Essam

Last Name

Almutleb

MiddleName

S.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

esalsarhani@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Meznah

Last Name

Almutairi

MiddleName

S.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

mzalmutairi@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Gamal

Last Name

El-Hiti

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

gelhiti@ksu.edu.sa

City

Riyadh 11433

Orcid

0000-0001-6675-3126

First Name

Abdulaziz

Last Name

Bin Turki

MiddleName

K.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

odabdulazizturki@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mashaaer

Last Name

Baashen

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

mbaashen@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Basal

Last Name

Altoaimi

MiddleName

H.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

baltoaimi@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohammed

Last Name

Althomali

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

malthomali@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mana

Last Name

Alanazi

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

amana@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ali

Last Name

Masmali

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia

Email

amasmali@ksu.edu.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

56

Article Issue

13

Related Issue

53224

Issue Date

2025-12-01

Receive Date

2024-12-23

Publish Date

2025-12-01

Page Start

51

Page End

58

Print ISSN

1110-0222

Online ISSN

2357-089X

Article File

EJVS_Volume 56_Issue 13_Pages 51-58.pdf

PDF . 1.0MB

Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/article_418679.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=418679

Order

418,679

Type

Original Article

Type Code

140

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Publication Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Assessment of Tear Film in Arabian Horses with a Portable Device Compared to Human’s Healthy Eyes

Details

Type

Article

Created At

29 Mar 2025