Human head lice infestations (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of important health problem among children in schools in different countries. Direct contact between children is main route of transmission, mainly via contact of head-to-head, and infestation by this ecto-parasite can lead to health problems in children. Focusing on this issue is important for supporting student's health. This study aimed to detect of head lice infestation in students, and the main elements that related to it in school students in Duhok city-Iraq. Current study involved 829 students, in several Duhok elementary schools, from February to June 2023. All school students' hair was tested to detection of head lice by our research staff and school personnel, and Pearson chi-square test was used in this study. The findings of this study showed that the infestation rate was 8.93%, with 6.15% and 2.77% among female and males students respectively. Regarding age groups, the highest rate of infestation was recorded in 6–7-year age group in both male and female. The main association was shown within the head lice infestation and several factors such as hair length, bathing frequency, sharing towels and combs between students. In conclusion, current study determined that, the incidence of head lice infestation affected by several factors as age, hair length, gender, bathing frequency and practice of towels and combs sharing among students.