Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by a chronic relapsing–remitting course and diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild to life-threatening conditions. It primarily affects women of childbearing age due to genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. The pathogenesis involves impaired apoptotic clearance, immune system hyperactivity, complement activation, and chronic tissue inflammation, leading to irreversible organ damage and increased mortality. Approximately half of SLE patients develop organ damage within a decade of diagnosis. Current treatments, including corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, control disease activity but can exacerbate long-term damage.

Aim: to identify preventive measure to avoid organ damage in SLE patients .

Conclusion: Early therapeutic intervention, reduced glucocorticoid use, and precision medicine approaches are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers offer promise in refining risk stratification and treatment efficacy. Preventive strategies, such as vaccination, infection control, cardiovascular protection, and osteoporosis management, further reduce complications. Personalized medicine and early disease control remain essential to minimizing organ damage and enhancing long-term prognosis in patients with SLE.