Diesel engine power plants play a critical role in the global energy landscape, offering reliable and flexible power generation solutions. With thermal efficiencies ranging from 35% to 45%, these plants outperform traditional gasoline engines and provide substantial energy output, with specific fuel consumption rates between 200 and 250 g/kWh. However, their operation poses significant sustainability challenges, particularly regarding greenhouse gas emissions and air quality. Diesel engines emit approximately 0.15 to 0.2 kg of CO2 per kWh, contributing to climate change, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions can reach up to 20 g/kWh, necessitating advanced emission control technologies to meet regulatory standards. Furthermore, the extraction and transportation of diesel fuel can lead to environmental degradation and habitat loss. As the world transitions towards cleaner energy sources, the sustainability of diesel power plants is under scrutiny, prompting the need for strategies that enhance their efficiency while minimizing their ecological footprint. Integrating renewable energy technologies, implementing carbon capture methods, and optimizing operational practices are crucial steps to align diesel power generation with global sustainability goals.