The development of new medications and less intrusive procedures has expanded the range of anesthetic choices available for ocular surgery. In many ophthalmological procedures, regional anesthesia is now used instead of general anesthesia. This is because regional anesthesia is easier to administer, has a lower risk of serious systemic complications such as respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, or hypotension, and provides better pain relief after surgery. The single-injection peribulbar block seems to be the most suitable option for cataract surgery.
Adjuvants are added to the peribulbar block to prolong its duration, which permits the method to be employed in lengthier operations, including as vitreoretinal procedures, and gives better management of pain after surgery. In order to boost the strength and duration of local anesthesia and to minimize the time it takes for the anesthesia to take effect, additives have been utilized and tested in a variety of surgical procedures.
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