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Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution in Treatment Plants in Damietta Governorate, Egypt

Article

Last updated: 09 Mar 2025

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Abstract

Ensuring safe surface water management is crucial to meet global drinking water standards. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of some drinking water treatment plants in Damietta governorate, including the inlet fresh water of the Nile River and the outlet drinking water. Water samples were collected from 11 treatment plants located at the River Nile, and the physicochemical parameters, in addition to some heavy metals, were analyzed seasonally through the year 2022.  Water quality and heavy metal pollution indices were employed to assess the status of water quality. A One-way Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) was applied to compare the spatial and temporal variation of the Water Quality Index (WQI). The results illustrated that the average value of turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) of plant inlets was 3.37 NTU, 8.05, 359.3 µmohs/cm, 162.6 and 188.9 mg/l, respectively. Besides, chloride, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, iron, lead, cadmium, and zinc concentrations were 24.6, 28.5, 10.9, 6.2, 0.04, 0.029, 0.006, and 0.15 mg/l, respectively, whereas plant outlet results indicated that the average value of turbidity pH, EC, TDS, and Total Hardness was 0.61 NTU, 7.51, 372.7 µmohs/cm, 155.8, and 201.2 mg/l, respectively. The concentrations of chloride, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, iron, lead, cadmium and zinc were 30.4, 33.4, 37.9, 16.8, 0.02, 0.01, 0.003 and 0.065 mg/l, respectively. In conclusion, all the investigated parameters were within the permissible limits according to WHO (2017), except lead and cadmium in plant inlets, which slightly exceeded the standard limit. The Average Water Quality Index values confirmed that Nile River water was good (52.4), while the outlet drinking water quality was excellent (45.5).

DOI

10.21608/cat.2024.255996.1235

Keywords

Drinking water quality, Heavy metals, Nile River, Physicochemical parameters, Treatment plants

Authors

First Name

Doaa

Last Name

Elemam

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt

Email

doaa_elemam17@yahoo.com

City

New Damietta City

Orcid

0000-0002-4231-9904

First Name

Sherin

Last Name

Elhossiny

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypty

Email

sherinelsayed777@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Talaat

Last Name

Hegazy

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt

Email

talhegazy@yahoo.com

City

New Damietta City

Orcid

0000-0003-3907-1415

First Name

Mervat

Last Name

Mossad

MiddleName

A

Affiliation

Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt

Email

mervat.mossad@yahoo.com

City

New Damietta

Orcid

0000-0003-4624-816X

Volume

33

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

54173

Issue Date

2024-12-01

Receive Date

2024-01-01

Publish Date

2024-03-01

Page Start

43

Page End

56

Print ISSN

1687-5052

Online ISSN

2090-2786

Link

https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_400281.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=400281

Order

400,281

Type

Original Article

Type Code

644

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences

Publication Link

https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution in Treatment Plants in Damietta Governorate, Egypt

Details

Type

Article

Created At

09 Mar 2025