In the pursuit of efficient biomass management and enhanced renewable energy security, there is a global exploration of diverse methods and processes to optimize biogas yield. The escalating issue of food waste necessitates sustainable solutions for its management, and anaerobic digestion (AD) emerges as a promising approach in addressing this challenge. The addition of Nanoparticles (NPs) has been carried out to study its effect as a catalyst on the production of biogas via anaerobic digestion. This study investigates the effect of using iron oxides (Fe2O3) NPs on the co-digestion of food waste (FW) and cow dung (CD) in a lab-scale batch reactors under ambient conditions. Synthesis of iron oxide NPs was achieved through the sol-gel method. Three lab-scale reactors with varying NP concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg/L, were compared with a control reactor without NPs. The results show that the addition of iron oxides (Fe2O3) NPs at concentrations of 5, 20, and 50 mg/L obtained cumulative biogas yield 160, 242, and 188 mL/gVS respectively compared to 135 mL/gVS without NPs. Notably, at 20 mg/L, the highest daily biogas output from the feedstock was observed on the 20th day, with total biogas production increasing significantly by 78%.