Food is a vital component for survival. There is more food because of globalization, urbanization, and population growth. Food safety and storage now face more difficulties as a result. Consequently, food must be preserved using appropriate packing materials. Food may be preserved and its quality enhanced throughout storage, distribution, and transportation with the use of packaging materials. The food sector has made advancements and innovations in food packaging crucial. Food packaging uses a range of materials, including plastics, paper, metal, and glass. The majority of packaging materials are made of non-biodegradable plastics, which are bad for the environment and people's health. In order to replace non-biodegradable plastics with environmentally friendly biodegradable polymers, the food sector is searching for solutions. On the other hand, there is a lack of systematic literature on the topic, thus a systematic summary of the material that is accessible is required. The topic of polymer packaging materials has been thoroughly examined, with a focus on biodegradable plastics. The functions and uses of many types of biodegradable polymers in food packaging have been compiled. Research has demonstrated that, in comparison to alternative packaging materials, biodegradable polymers are far superior for use in food packaging. Deep understanding is needed, and there are many obstacles to overcome in the commercialization process when it comes to the usage of biodegradable polymers in food packaging and environmental protection. This review paper has covered every one of these topics.