Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental issue that is frequently seen in children. Numerous risk factors, including genetics, environmental variables, maternal stressors, and low birth weight, have been demonstrated to enhance the prevalence of ADHD, despite the fact that the exact cause is still unknown. This work aimed to assess the prevalence of ADHD in addition to to identify its associated risk factors among the elementary school students in Saadian- Minya El Qamh District.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 246 subjects, selected randomly from 135 elementary schools. Structured clinical interview with the children, their parents and teachers was done. Comprehensive psychiatric and medical history was taken to explore the risk factors of ADHD. The long Arabic version of Conner's Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scale (Conner's CBRS) was used as a screening test for ADHD. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5) criteria was used as a diagnostic tool for ADHD.

Results: The mean age of our study participants was 8.51 years. ADHD was reported in 21.5% of the studied students according to DSM5 criteria. There was a statistically significant increase in ADHD frequency among male participants and among those with medication intake, a positive family history of ADHD, a lack of family support, family stressors, and legal concerns in the family.

Conclusion: Among elementary school students, ADHD is a problematic issue. Family history and family stressors were important risk factors.