Abstract

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a significant public health issue, with low-and-middle income countries experiencing disproportionately high fatality rates. In Nigeria, commercial tricycles, locally known as "keke NAPEP," have become a popular mode of transport, yet their structural vulnerabilities and limited safety features contribute to rising RTA prevalence. This study investigates the frequency, patterns, and risk factors of RTAs among commercial tricyclists in Ilorin-South Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2024, using multistage sampling to recruit 330 registered commercial tricyclists. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

Results: The prevalence of self-reported RTAs was 53.6%, with side collisions being the most common type (42.2%). Primary causes included reckless driving by other road users (31.2%), distractions (22.4%), and mechanical failures (26.6%). Most respondents were male (97.9%), aged 31-40 years, with 60.3% lacking valid driving licenses. Accidents were most frequent in the afternoon. Younger drivers (≤20 years) experienced higher accident rates (χ2=14.450, p=0.008). Risk factors such as excessive speed, phone use, and driving under the influence of alcohol significantly increased accident likelihood.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of RTAs among tricyclists highlights the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include mandatory safety training, stricter licensing regulations, and improved road infrastructure to enhance tricyclist safety and reduce accident rates.

Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents; Tricycles; Public Health; Risk Factors; Occupational Health