Spirulina, a versatile microalga, has emerged as a powerful tool for promoting environmental sustainability through its diverse applications in aquatic systems and ecosystem management. This review delves into its multifaceted roles, including enhancing water quality, reducing environmental pollutants, and contributing to the sustainable management of natural resources. spirulina's nutrient-rich profile—comprising high levels of protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds—positions it as an effective agent in bioremediation and aquaculture. Its ability to remove contaminants such as nitrate, phosphorus, ammonium, and heavy metals highlights its importance in mitigating water pollution and restoring ecosystem balance. Additionally, spirulina's biomass can be repurposed into value-added products like biochar and natural biostimulants, offering innovative solutions for carbon sequestration, soil stabilization, and supporting aquatic biodiversity. The use of spirulina also extends to addressing the challenges posed by climate change, such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions and declining water quality. By integrating spirulina into environmental management practices, including wastewater treatment, aquaculture sustainability, and ecosystem restoration, its role in enhancing ecological resilience becomes increasingly evident. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of spirulina as a sustainable and versatile resource for improving environmental health, advancing biodiversity conservation, and supporting the transition to greener economies. This review delves into its multifaceted roles, including enhancing water quality, reducing environmental pollutants, and contributing to the sustainable management of natural resources, with a particular focus on the emerging application of Spirulina in wastewater and soil treatment using vertical flow constructed wetlands.