Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), poses a significant public health challenge, with projections indicating that over 783 million adults will be affected by 2045. A notable complication of T2D is chronic kidney disease (CKD), with individuals having a 50% risk of developing it, particularly characterized by albuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Early screening for microalbuminuria is essential, as it is present in about 7% of newly diagnosed T2D patients. The rise of T2D has been particularly pronounced in regions undergoing epidemiological transitions, such as Asia and the Middle East, attributed to lifestyle changes and decreased nutritional quality. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with uncontrolled blood pressure and glucose levels being primary contributors. Accordingly, this mini-review aims to highlight the increasing prevalence of T2D and its significant association with CKD, emphasizing the importance of early screening and non-pharmacological interventions such as lifestyle modifications and exercise in managing diabetes and preventing renal and cardiovascular complications.