Wound healing, a multifaceted and dynamic process that is essential for restoring tissue structure and function after an injury. This process requires a well-coordinated interplay of multiple cellular and molecular systems to renovate damaged tissue and restore homeostasis. A complicated network of cytokines and growth factors lies at the heart of this orchestration, regulating cellular responses at various stages of healing such as inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Disruptions to these signaling molecules can result in persistent wounds or excessive scarring, thus their delicate balance and precise timing are critical for optimal healing outcomes.
This paper presents a detailed assessment of numerous major cytokines involved in wound healing, focusing on their unique roles in both animal models and human patients. Furthermore, it elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which these cytokines affect different cell types. We also look into the therapeutic possibility of targeting these cytokines to improve wound recuperation and treatment outcomes in the near future.