Vegetation monitoring and surface water area changes for lakes and wetlands are necessary for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Based on Sentinel-2 remote sensing imageries with 10 m resolution using SNAP program and ArcGIS software were used in this study to assess the change of El-Burullus Lake from January 2019 to January 2022. The NDVI and NDWI were spatially mapped to assess the moisture content of vegetation and monitor the changes of surface water area and vegetation along the Lake. The results of variance test's homogeneity for NDVI and NDWI, obviously revealed that the ratio of variances or standard deviations is statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05). For spatial autocorrelation, Moran's I results were positive values, which indicated a positive correlation for both indices NDVI and NDWI and almost the similar behaviour. Moreover, the regression analysis, between NDVI and NDWI was observed to be very strong along El-Burullus Lake. Consequently, based on the findings of the analysis, both indices NDVI and NDWI can reasonably represent a better understanding of the surface water content change in El-Burullus Lake. However, the NDVI proved its capability of vegetation monitoring and its sensitivity to the amount of liquid water content in vegetation canopies.