Fibromyalgia (FM) is one of the most prevalent disorders that affects the muscular tissue and is characterized by pain, stiffness, and soreness in the muscles, tendons, and joints. FM affects about 5% of the world population. The incidence is higher in women than in men. However, the pathophysiological factors of FM are not yet well known. Mitochondrial dysfunction may have a role in the pathogenesis of FM but the exact mechanism is unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with increased expression of autophagic genes and the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy . Exercise increases mitochondrial capacity, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Resistance exercise may improve the mitochondrial quality probably through increasing mitophagy through PINK1/PARKIN pathway. Therefore, resistant exercise could be an important part of managing FM. The purpose of this review is to update information on the effects of resistance exercise on FM, specifically in relation to signaling pathways and biological processes.