Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) in comparison to pregnant women without (HG).

Methods: A cross-sectional trial was carried out on 113 pregnant women (<16 weeks) that were divided into a positive HG group (n=63) and a negative HG group (n=50). Fresh stool samples were in airtight containers until the stool antigen tests were done on all patients.

Results: Age was significantly lower in the positive HG group than the negative HG group (P<0.005). Gestational age and crown-rump length were significantly lower in the positive HG group than the negative HG group (P<0.05). The number of vomits was significantly higher in the positive HG group than the negative HG group (P<0.00001). Complete blood count, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the positive HG group than in the negative HG group (P<0.001). Potassium (K⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) were significantly lower in the positive HG group than in the negative HG group (P<0.001). Ketonuria was significantly higher in the positive HG group than the negative HG group (P<0.001) and finally, H pylori testing was not significantly different in both studied groups

(P=0.560).

Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the occurrence of H. pylori infection was comparable in pregnant women with and without hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).

Trial registration: The study was registered prospectively on ClinicalTrials.gov with trial registration number (NCT05835076).