Hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver disease is the primary cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally, leading to liver transplantation (LT). Although LT effectively reduces morbidity and mortality, patients with HCV-related end-stage liver disease inevitably face universal re-infection of the transplanted liver. When viral RNA is detectable during LT, HCV re-infection occurs, causing chronic hepatitis in at least 50% of grafts after one year and up to 100% after five years. This study aimed to identify HCV development risk factors and assess the consequences of HCV recurrence post-LT on patients and transplanted livers. The research involved 37 LDLT patients (18-65 years old) and 30 healthy individuals, measuring serum HCV-RNA and biochemical parameters. Results showed HCV recurrence in 32.4% and 45.9% after 3 and 6 months post-LT, respectively, compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in biochemical parameters between recurrence and non-recurrence patients. Despite achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) before LT, recurrent HCV becomes more pronounced three months post-LT, negatively impacting both graft and patient survival, with a substantial portion experiencing significant liver damage after LT.