Background: Zoledronic acid was accepted as a line of management of cases
with bone metastasis from solid tumors and cases of multiple myloma. It's
generally a safe drug, but sometimes it is associated with toxic effects like flu
like symptoms, renal impairment and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Dose interval of
giving the treatment varies between short (3-4) weeks and long (12) weeks.
Aim: to determine the incidence of skeletal related events (SREs), which
includes pain, cord compression or pathological fracture and duration of SREs
free survival. Also, to assess the incidence of toxicity between different time
intervals of giving the treatment.
Methods: This is a retrospective study done on cases of breast and prostate
cancer with bone metastasis and cases of multiple myeloma who received
zoledronic acid for at least 1.5 years. Cases were divided according to time
interval of receiving treatment to 3 groups; group 1 received treatment every 4
weeks, group 2 every 6 to 8 weeks and group 3 every 10 to 12 weeks.
Results: after a follow up period ranging between 26 and 36 months, it was
noticed that as the time interval of receiving zoledronic acid increased, the
number of cases developed SREs increased, with non-significant P value
(0.071). Regarding the incidence of toxicity, it decreased as the time interval
increased with non-significant P value for flu like symptoms (0.12),
nephrotoxicity (0.28) but it was significant regarding development of
osteonecrosis of the jaw (0.029). Comparing the SREs free survival, it was
better in short time interval with significant P value (0.027).
Conclusion: short time interval of giving zoledronic acid is preferred as its
associated with significant SREs free survival. Longer time interval is a good
option for cases who can't tolerate the toxicity.