SLE, or systemic lupus erythematosus, is a chronic, relapsing-remitting autoimmune disease with a wide range of symptoms, from moderate to life-threatening. SLE often affects women of reproductive age because to a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental, immunological, and hormonal factors. Preventing SLE relapses is an essential part of the disease treatment strategy, and exacerbations are critical events that may have a substantial impact on the prognosis. Anti-alpha enolase antibody and RDW concentrations in SLE patients were evaluated in this research to determine their function in SLE activity. It was conducted in the Clinical Pathology Department, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt between May 2021 and July 2022. After receiving ethics committee permission, the study recruited 90 volunteers, all of whom provided their written agreement in the form of a signed consent form. I. The Aspects: The participants were categorized as follows: A total of thirty (30) individuals with SLE on exacerbation were enrolled in group I (Active group). Patients were chosen from the Minia University Hospital's Rheumatology Department's in-patient wards. A total of thirty (30) patients in group II (the stable group) were enrolled in the study from Minia University Hospital's outpatient Rheumatology Clinic, the patients were chosen. There were 30 people in group III (the "control group"), and all of them seemed to be in good condition. The ages of all the controls were matched to those of the patients. The following procedures were used on all participants: Consider age, work, place of residence, length of illness, presence of joint and muscle pains, L.L edoema, haemorrhage, fever and dyspnea...etc. and any co-morbidities while obtaining a thorough history of the patient's health. Complete abdominal and local exams are performed. 3) Experiments in the laboratory: Investigations of a routine nature Included CBC, ESR, renal function tests, liver function tests, urine analysis, 24-hour protein in urine, rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein (CRP). Anti-double-strand DNA, complement C3, and complement C4 antibodies are used to diagnose SLE. (C) Focused studies: Anti-alpha enolase antibody ELISA measurement. 2. Automated blood cell counters discovered RDW. The findings of this investigation were as follows: Additionally, there was a statistically significant rise in haemoglobin levels in group II when compared to the haemoglobin levels of the other two groups. Two of the three groups investigated showed a statistically significant DROP in platelets while the other two groups showed no statistically significant difference in TLC. While group III had a decrease in urea, group I and II saw an increase. When comparing groups, I and II to group III, there was a statistically significant rise in creatinine. • The ALT and AST levels in groups I and II were significantly higher than in group III, although the ALB levels in groups I and II were lower than in group III. There was a statistically significant rise in CRP and ESR in group I, whereas there was a statistically significant increase in RF in group I when compared to group III. There was a statistically significant rise in ANA and Anti-ds DNA in group I, but there was a statistically significant DROP in C3 and C4 when compared to group II. • When comparing groups, I, II, and III, the levels of anti-alpha enolase antibody and RDW were both highly statistically significant. It was shown that anti-alpha enolase Ab had a substantial positive connection with ANA, C3, and C4 on the one hand, and anti-alpha enolase Ab on the other with both TLC and platelets with respect to RDW.