Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a term used to describe various lung conditions characterized by inflammation and, less commonly, fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most lethal ILDs, exhibiting a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Common symptoms of ILD are dyspnea (shortness of breath), coughing, abnormalities in gas exchange, reduced lung volumes, hypoxemia, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. A preexisting medical condition or environmental variables may set off an ILD. Many ILDs have treatment options or even a cure, depending on the subtypes. Lung transplantation, however, is the sole curative choice in some instances. Evidence shows that common and unusual genetic variants can influence various ILDs.