Background: In the domain of cardio-oncology, it is widely acknowledged that chemotherapy, notwithstanding its potential curative effects, can inflict severe harm upon bystander tissues. This damage can give rise to a variety of cardiovascular toxicities that are life-threatening, as well as induce various side effects such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Over time, cardiotoxicity causes substantial morbidity and mortality among oncology patients, particularly as a result of dysfunction in the left ventricle. There is a growing focus on the utilization of biomarkers for early detection of cardiotoxicity, prior to its irreversible progression. Studying natriuretic peptides, especially brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) and their inactive fragment N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) , has become a meaningful way to find and predict cardiotoxicity, especially in cancer treatment. They were released in response to ventricular strain, offering significant insights into cardiac function beyond the capabilities of echocardiography.

Aim: This literature review aims to look at BNP as a biomarker to monitor and detect cardiotoxic effects in patients who are getting treatments that are known to affect heart function. The incidence and characteristics of the cardiotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs are also examined, emphasizing the pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, it shows how important it is to quickly find and fix cardiovascular risk factors and how important it is to keep a close eye on the heart during anticancer treatment to avoid heart damage.