Background: Paclitaxel induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN) is a dose limiting toxicity, which can compromise patient's outcome. Dandelion leaves have been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. So, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of dandelion leaf extract against the PIPN on sciatic nerves in adult male albino rats after analysis of its components by GC/MS.

Methods: Dandelion leaves methanolic extraction was done then the extract was processed to GC/MS analysis. This 6-week study involving 45 adult male albino rats, five groups were formed: Group I (Control, 9 rats) received regular diet and tap water. Group II (vehicle, 9 rats) received intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml normal saline twice weekly. Group III (Dandelion Leaf Extract, DLE, 9 rats) received DLE orally at 500 mg/kg daily. Group IV (Paclitaxel, PTX, 9 rats) received paclitaxel at 2 mg/kg IP twice weekly. Group V (PTX & DLE, 9 rats) received both treatments. Serum Neurotensin, serum TNFα, tissue oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH and SOD) was measured. The sciatic nerve was examined microscopically after H&E staining.

Results: The GC/MS analysis of DLE revealed presence of 55 vital compounds. Neurotensin, TNFα and Malondialdehyde increased in Paclitaxel group and decreased in DLE-treated groups. While SOD and GSH activity were reduced in paclitaxel group, both markers improved in DLE-treated groups. Paclitaxel caused Wallerian degeneration with axonal and myelin fragmentation. In the Paclitaxel & DLE group, partial axonal regeneration was noted.

Conclusion: Paclitaxel induces peripheral neuropathy with inflammation and oxidative stress. DLE demonstrates neuroprotective effects against PIPN.