Introduction: Workers who handle organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have a serious risk of developing respiratory disorders. Neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), play a crucial role in obstructive airway diseases. Aim of Work: To investigate whether OP pesticide exposure affects the respiratory system through the evaluation of respiratory symptoms, ventilatory function tests, and blood concentrations of brain-derived neutrophilic factor (BDNF). Materials and Methods: Forty-five male workers exposed to OP pesticides from a pesticide facility were compared to 45 male administrative employees (control group). Both groups underwent comprehensive assessments, including history, clinical examination, spirometry, and serum BDNF measurements. Results: The exposed workers exhibited a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms and obstructive pattern impairment of ventilatory functions and an increase in serum BDNF levels compared to the non-exposed personnel. Moreover, a negative correlation was identified between obstructive ventilatory function parameters and serum BDNF levels in the exposed group, whereas a positive association was observed between age and smoking index and serum BDNF levels. Conclusion and Recommendations: Workers who are exposed to OP pesticides may have a higher risk of respiratory disorders and higher blood levels of BDNF. It is recommended that workers in agricultural and related industries should take appropriate measures to minimize exposure.